In recent years, Kazakhstan has witnessed rapid urbanization and extensive development in its cities. This transformative process has necessitated a specialized vocabulary for urban planning and development. For English speakers interested in this field, understanding the relevant Kazakh terminology can be incredibly beneficial. Whether you are a student, a professional, or simply an enthusiast, this article aims to equip you with essential Kazakh vocabulary related to urban planning and development.
Basic Urban Planning Terms
Urban planning involves a variety of terms that are foundational to understanding the field. Here are some fundamental words and phrases:
1. **City** – Қала (Qala)
2. **Urban** – Қалалық (Qalalyq)
3. **Rural** – Ауылдық (Auyldiq)
4. **Development** – Даму (Damu)
5. **Planning** – Жоспарлау (Zhosparlau)
6. **Infrastructure** – Инфрақұрылым (Infrakurylym)
7. **Architecture** – Архитектура (Arkhitektura)
8. **Construction** – Құрылыс (Qurylys)
9. **Land Use** – Жерді пайдалану (Zherdi paidalanu)
10. **Zoning** – Аймақтандыру (Aymaktanǵyru)
Understanding these basic terms will give you a good starting point for diving deeper into the complexities of urban planning and development.
Types of Urban Areas
Different types of urban areas require distinct approaches to planning and development. Here are some key terms:
1. **Residential Area** – Тұрғын аудан (Turgyn audan)
2. **Commercial Area** – Сауда ауданы (Sauda audany)
3. **Industrial Area** – Өндірістік аудан (Öndіrіstіk audan)
4. **Central Business District (CBD)** – Орталық іскерлік аудан (Ortalyq iskerlik audan)
5. **Suburb** – Қала маңы (Qala mańy)
6. **Downtown** – Қала орталығы (Qala ortalyǵy)
7. **Slum** – Трущоба (Trushoba)
8. **Gentrification** – Джентрификация (Djentrifikatsiya)
These terms will help you understand the diverse urban landscapes and the specific challenges each type presents.
Infrastructure and Public Services
Infrastructure and public services are critical components of urban development. Here are some key terms:
1. **Road** – Жол (Zhol)
2. **Highway** – Автожол (Avtozhol)
3. **Bridge** – Көпір (Kopir)
4. **Public Transportation** – Қоғамдық көлік (Qoǵamdyq kólik)
5. **Subway/Metro** – Метро (Metro)
6. **Bus Stop** – Автобус аялдамасы (Avtobus ayaldamasy)
7. **Airport** – Әуежай (Áwezhaı)
8. **Water Supply** – Су жабдықтау (Su jabdyqtau)
9. **Sewage System** – Кәріз жүйесі (Kárіz júıesі)
10. **Electricity** – Электр қуаты (Elektр qúaty)
11. **Telecommunication** – Телекоммуникация (Telekommunikatsiya)
12. **Healthcare Facilities** – Денсаулық сақтау мекемелері (Densaulyq saqtau mekemeleri)
13. **Education Facilities** – Білім беру мекемелері (Bіlіm beru mekemeleri)
Understanding these terms will help you grasp the essential services that support urban life.
Environmental and Sustainability Terms
As urban areas expand, environmental sustainability has become a crucial aspect of planning. Here are some important terms:
1. **Environment** – Қоршаған орта (Qorshaǵan orta)
2. **Sustainability** – Тұрақты даму (Turakty damu)
3. **Green Space** – Жасыл аймақ (Jasyl aımaq)
4. **Air Quality** – Ауа сапасы (Aua sapasy)
5. **Waste Management** – Қалдықтарды басқару (Qaldyqtardy basqaru)
6. **Renewable Energy** – Жаңартылатын энергия (Jañartylatyn energiya)
7. **Climate Change** – Климаттың өзгеруі (Klimattyń ózgerýі)
8. **Recycling** – Қайта өңдеу (Qaita óńdeý)
9. **Public Park** – Қоғамдық парк (Qoǵamdyq park)
10. **Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)** – Тұрақты даму мақсаттары (Turaqty damu maqsattary)
These terms will help you understand the environmental considerations that are increasingly integral to urban planning.
Key Stakeholders in Urban Planning
Urban planning involves a variety of stakeholders, each with their own roles and responsibilities. Here are some important terms:
1. **Government** – Үкімет (Ükimet)
2. **Municipality** – Муниципалитет (Municipalitet)
3. **Urban Planner** – Қалалық жоспарлаушы (Qalalyq zhosparlausy)
4. **Architect** – Архитектор (Arkhitektor)
5. **Civil Engineer** – Азаматтық инженер (Azamattıq inzhener)
6. **Developer** – Дамытушы (Damytyshy)
7. **Contractor** – Мердігер (Merdiger)
8. **Resident** – Тұрғын (Turgyn)
9. **Community** – Қауымдастық (Qaýymdastyq)
10. **Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)** – Үкіметтік емес ұйым (Ükіmettіk emes ujym)
Knowing these terms will help you identify the various players involved in urban planning and their specific roles.
Legal and Regulatory Framework
Understanding the legal and regulatory framework is essential for effective urban planning. Here are some key terms:
1. **Law** – Заң (Zań)
2. **Regulation** – Ереже (Ereje)
3. **Policy** – Саясат (Sayasat)
4. **Permit** – Рұқсат (Rúqsat)
5. **Code** – Кодекс (Kodeks)
6. **Ordinance** – Қаулы (Qaulý)
7. **Zoning Law** – Аймақтандыру заңы (Aýmaqtandyru zańy)
8. **Building Code** – Құрылыс кодексі (Qúrylys kodeksі)
9. **Land Use Regulation** – Жерді пайдалану ережесі (Zherdi paidalanu erejesі)
10. **Environmental Law** – Қоршаған орта заңы (Qorshaǵan orta zańy)
These terms will help you navigate the complex legal landscape that governs urban development.
Case Study: Astana (Nur-Sultan)
Astana, recently renamed Nur-Sultan, is a prime example of rapid urban development in Kazakhstan. Understanding the vocabulary in the context of this city can be particularly enlightening.
1. **Master Plan** – Бас жоспар (Bas zhospar)
2. **Skyscraper** – Зәулім ғимарат (Záýlіm ǵіmarat)
3. **Urban Renewal** – Қалалық жаңарту (Qalalyq jañartý)
4. **Public Space** – Қоғамдық кеңістік (Qoǵamdyq kéńіstіk)
5. **Smart City** – Ақылды қала (Aqyldy qala)
6. **Pedestrian Zone** – Жаяу жүргіншілер аймағы (Jaý júrgіnshіler aımaǵy)
7. **Mixed-Use Development** – Аралас пайдаланылатын даму (Aralas paidalanylatyn damu)
8. **Cultural Heritage** – Мәдени мұра (Mádéni múra)
9. **Tourism** – Туризм (Túrіzm)
10. **Expo 2017** – 2017 жылғы ЭКСПО (2017 jylǵy ÉKSPO)
Astana’s rapid development offers a real-world application of these terms, making them easier to understand and remember.
Challenges and Solutions in Urban Planning
Urban planning is fraught with challenges that require innovative solutions. Here are some key terms:
1. **Traffic Congestion** – Көлік кептелісі (Kólik keptelisi)
2. **Affordable Housing** – Қолжетімді тұрғын үй (Qolzhetіmdі turgyn úı)
3. **Urban Sprawl** – Қаланың шекарасының кеңеюі (Qalanyń shekarasynyń kéńeýі)
4. **Pollution** – Ластану (Lastanu)
5. **Public Safety** – Қоғамдық қауіпсіздік (Qoǵamdyq qaýіpsіzdіk)
6. **Social Inequality** – Әлеуметтік теңсіздік (Áleýmettіk teńsіzdіk)
7. **Gentrification** – Джентрификация (Djentrifikatsiya)
8. **Homelessness** – Үйсіздік (Úısіzdіk)
9. **Public Participation** – Қоғамдық қатысу (Qoǵamdyq qatysý)
10. **Innovation** – Инновация (Innovatsiya)
Understanding these challenges and potential solutions is crucial for anyone involved in urban planning.
Conclusion
Mastering the Kazakh vocabulary for urban planning and development can significantly enhance your understanding and ability to engage in this important field. From basic terms to specialized jargon, the vocabulary we’ve covered will provide you with a robust foundation. Whether you are working on a project in Kazakhstan or simply looking to expand your linguistic and professional skills, these terms will be invaluable.
Urban planning is a dynamic and complex field that requires a nuanced understanding of various factors, including geography, sociology, economics, and environmental science. By familiarizing yourself with the relevant Kazakh vocabulary, you will be better equipped to navigate the challenges and opportunities that come with urban development in Kazakhstan.
